The City of Tulsa launched the 1921 Graves Investigation to help find answers from the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre. To do this, the City has convened some of the best experts in America to help locate, identify and connect people today with those who were lost more than 100 years ago. The public's help is needed in this historical and groundbreaking work.
In Memoriam
C. L. Daniel - Tulsa Race Massacre Victim - Learn More
James Goings
George Melvin Gillispie
June 18, 2025 – Significant Archeological, DNA Updates in 1921 Graves Investigation
The City of Tulsa shared historic updates from the 1921 Graves Investigation, including the groundbreaking news of the second identification from Oaklawn Cemetery in addition to a newly found Tulsa Race Massacre victim through historical research. Experts also shared evidence that more Tulsa Race Massacre victims could be at Oaklawn Cemetery, showcasing the need to return to Oaklawn Cemetery for a 2025 excavation. Learn More
Archaeological and Forensic Research in Support of the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre Graves Investigation: The 2022-2023 Field Seasons at Oaklawn CemeteryVolume I | Volume II
Help Needed: The public is strongly urged to come forward with any additional information regarding their connection to George's life.
Using genetic genealogy, it's believed that Burial 180 in Oaklawn Cemetery belongs to that of George Melvin Gillispie - a late-to-middle aged male buried in a simple wooden casket with no evidence of trauma (of note, C. L. Daniel did not have evidence of observed trauma, but he is a Tulsa Race Massacre victim).
George was born in 1881 and has no known cause of death. George's last proof of life comes from documentation from Payne County, Oklahoma, in December of 1920. Later documents that mention George were from his wife's subsequent marriage, when in 1924, she stated that her previous husband was already dead - putting his death somewhere between 1920 and 1924.
The City of Tulsa and Intermountain Forensics have notified his living family members in Oklahoma City of the connection to his burial at Oaklawn Cemetery. The City is thankful for their participation in the genetic genealogy work so far, which ultimately led to his identification as Burial 180 in Oaklawn Cemetery.
About George: George was one of 13 siblings who grew up in Oklahoma. He was loved by his family who wrote to him often, as well as his wife. It is unclear how George ended up in Oaklawn Cemetery, and the investigation into the manner of his death continues.
Next Steps: The City of Tulsa will be working with the Gillispie family and the proper authorities regarding any reburial or memorialization.
While the surnames for James Goings overlap with surnames of interest for Burial 135, there is no DNA, yet, that ties James Goings to a specific burial at Oaklawn Cemetery.
Nonetheless, James Goings' name was not on original death certificates or early newspaper accounts, which makes James Goings a newly identified Tulsa Race Massacre victim not previously known publicly.
The first information obtained on James Goings came through an information donor who had a family booklet stating that a "Mr. Goins" was "killed in the Tulsa riot."
Subsequently, records were requested and received from the Veterans Compensation File contained in the National Archives, whereby a letter written on June 9, 1921, stated that James Goings was killed "in the recent disturbances there"(in Tulsa); a subsequent letter from his sister written in the 1930s stated that James died June 1, 1921.
Help Needed: The public is strongly urged to come forward with any additional information regarding their connection to the Goings family line as the City works to identify where James was buried. Any descendants of the Goings, Goins, Gowens, etc. surname from many states, including Georgia, North Carolina, Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky and Tennessee are requested to contact the genealogy team and learn more online at: https://tulsa1921dna.org/
The following updates are based on additional historical research from the experts and teams involved in the search for answers from the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre. While some of these updates have been talked about publicly in certain circles and during certain presentations, the public at large may find new and/or important information contained in this ongoing work.
John White –Tulsa Race Massacre Victim
Phoebe Stubblefield, forensic anthropologist for the 1921 Graves Investigation, located a death certificate certified in 1925 that states John White died of gunshot wounds on June 1, 1921, and was buried in Oaklawn Cemetery. While John White was listed in several presentations by Dr. Stubblefield since the time she originally found the death certificate (by ordering all of the June 1921 Tulsa death certificates), sometime after Dr. Stubblefield ordered these, Betsy Warner (daughter of Dick Warner, a prominent Tulsa Race Massacre researcher) also confirmed the finding. While John may be known already in the descendant community, this information is an important part of Tulsa's history and may not be widely known.
Ella Houston (alt. Ella Morris or Ella Morrison) –Tulsa Race Massacre Victim
Originally listed as the "Mother of Arthur Morrison" in historical documents, we now know her to likely be Ella Houston (the wife of Joseph Morrison)
Ella Houston's death certificate (July 29, 1921, Muskogee County) says the death was caused by "miscarriage with septicemia." While nothing on the death certificate indicates that she was a victim of the massacre, her tie as a victim comes from a December 1921 Red Cross report on Arthur Morrison, which says "Age 12 - pelegra - homeless since riot - Mother died result injuries in riot."
While Ella Houston was her maiden name, she was married to Joseph Morris. The family used both Morris and Morrison as a surname.
James Miller –Tulsa Race Massacre Victim
"Joe Miller" is a named victim with a death certificate citing burial at Oaklawn Cemetery on June 2, 1921.
Previous researchers hypothesized this may be "Joseph Miller" living at 626 E. Hill with his wife Allie in the 1921 Tulsa City Directory. However, researchers found that the aforementioned Joe Miller was still living in the 1930 census.
Through historical research, the genealogy team at Intermountain Forensics located a probate record from 1921 that states that "James Miller (birth name James Askew) "...was killed during the race riot in Tulsa, Oklahoma in June 1921…"
Given the findings, it is believed the death certificate for Joe Miller is actually this James Miller.
If you have family stories, a surname/geological location tied to one listed below, have taken a DNA test or would like to take one, or have a digital or written family tree, Intermountain Forensics would love to hear from you. Please visit the1921 DNA websiteand fill out the online form. If you need assistance to complete the form, please visit any one of the Tulsa City-County Library locations.